Marco Schaumloeffel

Category: History

  • Presentation: Black History Month Special Edition Tertulia at the Vancouver Latin America Cultural Centre

    Black History Month Special Edition Tertulia with Marco Schaumloeffel “Tabom, the community of the Afro-Brazilian returnees in Ghana”.

    Website: https://vlacc.ca/events/black-history-month-special-edition-tertulia-with-marco-schaumloeffel-tabom-the-community-of-the-afro-brazilian-returnees-in-ghana/

    Join us to this special edition Tertulia celebrating the Black History Month with UBC’s professor Marco Schaumloeffel on the Tabom people’s return to Ghana on Thursday, February 29, at 6:30 pm at the Britannia Community Centre Services (Conference Room). 

    Discover the rich history of this unique community on a exploration of their ties to Brazil and integration into Ghana today.

    The Tabom returned to Ghana from Bahia between 1829 – 1836 and are a culturally fascinating case of reverse diaspora. This presentation and conversation will be about their history, their links to Brazil and how these Brazilians, as they call themselves, are organised and live today integrated into the Ga people in Ghana.

    Date: Thursday, February 29
    Time: 6:30 – 8:00 pm
    Location: Conference Room (Britannia Community Services Centre) 1661 Napier St, Vancouver, BC V5L 4X4

    This is a FREE event, but registrations are required. Register

    https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/tertulia-tabom-the-community-of-the-afro-brazilian-returnees-in-ghana-tickets-811739393377?aff=oddtdtcreator

    The well-known and recently deceased Africanist, diplomat and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters Alberto Costa e Silva referred the following way to one of the presenter’s publications related to the Tabom: “This book seems to be small, but has many doors, as if it were a mansion. They lead to several and different sceneries and let us see, first, in tailcoat and top-hat, and later wrapped in a beautiful kenté cloth, the human beings who filled them and whose stories the Tabom of today repeat by heart. If in its pages we learnt a lot about the Tabom People, thanks to the accuracy and the intelligence with which Marco A. Schaumloeffel listened and read, they demand from us, that we learn more.”

    Short bio

    Marco A. Schaumloeffel holds a Master;s degree in Linguistics from the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, and a PhD in Lingustics from the University of the West Indies, where he studied the creole languages of the Caribbean. He is an Associate Lecturer at the University of British Columbia. Previously, he was lecturer for Portuguese and German at the Barbados Community, Lecturer of Brazilian Studies at the University of the West Indies in Barbados, and he worked at the University of Ghana, teaching Portuguese and Brazilian Culture.

    He is the author of the book Tabom – The Afro-Brazilian Community of Ghana about the history of the Afro-Brazilians who returned to Africa after abolition. In addition, he published several articles and chapters of books dealing with Linguistics, Creole languages, especially about Papiamentu and Papiá Kristang, German dialectology in Brazil, Hunsrückisch, teaching foreign languages and Afro-Brazilians returnees to West Africa.

  • Historical Aspects of Forced and Free Black Migrations in the ABC Islands

    Chapter in Book

    Title of chapter: Historical Aspects of Forced and Free Black Migrations in the ABC Islands.


    Book: Many Rivers to Cross: Black Migrations in Brazil and the Caribbean. Elaine P. Rocha (Ed.). Vernon Press, 2024.

    Link: https://vernonpress.com/book/1847

    In the chapter Historical Aspects of Forced and Free Black Migrations in the ABC Islands, Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel examines the ABC islands – Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao – located in the southern region of the Caribbean archipelago. These islands, although they “functioned as an entrepôt for enslaved Africans, and the slave traders operated there as “middlemen” in the lucrative business of human trafficking”, were not drawn into the plantation economy. Schaumloeffel starts with a discussion about the importation of African people from various regions during the period in which the Dutch were heavily involved in slave trading, moving onto the arrival of Portuguese-Brazilian Sephardic Jews and their enslaved workers, which had a great impact in the islands. After the abolition of slavery, black people started to move from the islands to the continent, but the migrations increased during the twentieth century when workers moved from the ABC islands to parts of the British and Spanish Caribbean. He shows that movement in the region did not take place in only one direction, as people from other islands moved to Curaçao and Aruba, attracted by economic opportunities after oil was found in the region. This intra-Caribbean migration had a huge impact on the cultural identity of the region.

  • Língua como Patrimônio Cultural: O Caso do Papiamentu, Língua Crioula Afro-Caribenha

    Língua como Patrimônio Cultural: O Caso do Papiamentu, Língua Crioula Afro-Caribenha

    Apresentação de  “Língua como Patrimônio Cultural: O Caso do Papiamentu, Língua Crioula Afro-Caribenha” no III Congresso Internacional e Interdisciplinar em Patrimônio Cultural: Experiências de Gestão e Educação em Patrimônio, ocorrido de forma virtual de 7 a 11 de junho de 2021 a partir da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (campi Nova Iguaçu e Seropédica) e na Universidade Veiga de Almeida.

    Grupo de Trabalho 8: Patrimônio, Cultura e Relações Etnico-Raciais

    Apresentação PowerPoint: solicite por e-mail.

    Caderno de Resumos

    Resumo:

    Língua como Patrimônio Cultural: O Caso do Papiamentu, Língua Crioula Afro-Caribenha

    O Papiamentu é uma língua crioula afro-caribenha falada em Aruba, Bonaire e Curaçao (ilhas ABC). Apesar desta língua ter se formado há cerca de 350 anos e ser falada pela vasta maioria da população das ilhas ABC, ela só se tornou língua oficial em 2003 em Aruba e em 2007 em Curaçao, enquanto que em Bonaire, um município ultramarino especial do Reino dos Países Baixos, ele é apenas reconhecido como língua local sem status de língua oficial. Entre as línguas classificadas como crioulas no campo da Linguística, o Papiamentu se destaca por ser uma das poucas com status de língua oficial. Esta apresentação tem como objetivo analisar historicamente como se deu a formação do Papiamentu e como este idioma afro-caribenho de influência crioulo-portuguesa se tornou patrimônio cultural e símbolo de identitário nacional e regional, tendo como pano de fundo o sistema colonial holandês e sistemas educacionais que já usam parcialmente o Papiamentu, mas que ainda usam amplamente o holandês e, algumas vezes, até mesmo o inglês como línguas de instrução. Além disso, também serão examinados os principais fatores que transformaram e transformam o Papiamentu em um veículo de manifestações históricas, artísticas, identitárias, de emancipação e de independência cultural dentro do contexto afro-caribenho no qual se encontra inserido.

  • Os Tabons do Gana, a diáspora afro-brasileira na África Ocidental ainda pouco conhecida

    Capítulo em livro

    Os Tabons do Gana, a diáspora afro-brasileira na África Ocidental ainda pouco conhecida

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    Livro: Mosaico: A construção de identidades na diáspora africana. Elaine Pereira Rocha; Nielson Rosa Bezerra (orgs.). Jundiaí (SP): Paco Editorial, 2021. ISBN: 9786558401117.

    Páginas 43-65

     

    Acesso: https://www.pacolivros.com.br/mosaico-diaspora

    Sinopse

    Baseada em estudos profundos da Diáspora Africana, esta obra é resultado da parceria de autores de diversas nacionalidades, áreas de conhecimento e pontos de vista distintos, em relação a esse momento histórico do continente, considerando também a América Latina. A obra Mosaico: a construção de identidades na Diáspora Africana apresenta ao longo de seus nove capítulos relatos importantes sobre “história dos negros na América Latina e na África”, destacando a resistência e a luta dos negros no diz respeito a escravidão no continente. Além disso, a obra apresenta importante discussão sobre “as migrações negras” e a identidade na Diáspora”, além de reconhecer a importância das mulheres negras e cubanas no período.

    Sumário

    Apresentação

    1. Anglo-caribenhos transplantados: os povos esquecidos nas margens ocidentais do mar do Caribe

    2. Os Tabons no Gana, a diáspora afro-brasileira na África Ocidental ainda pouco conhecida

    3. Marinheiros caribenhos: identidade e organização na diáspora negra (1918-1945)

    4. Gestando Cuba: a poética das mulheres afro-cubanas

    5. A trajetória de M. G. Baquaqua no Brasil: escravidão, liberdade e emancipação no Mundo Atlântico

    6. “Shades of Spade” – classificações de cor para afrodescendentes e taxonomia racial em Porto Rico e no Caribe Anglófono

    7. Resistência escrava, fronteiras e espacialidades afro-amazônicas (1850-1880)

    8. Construção e afirmação de identidades afro-latinas

    9. Testemunha da história negra: Baobás no Brasil e no Caribe

    Sobre os autores

  • Tabom: O Brasil longe do Brasil – Tabom: Brazil away from Brazil

    Entrevista concedida à revista Atlântico / Interview for Atlantico Magazine

    Instituto Brasil África / Brazil Africa Institute

    Tabom: O Brasil longe do Brasil – Tabom: Brazil away from Brazil. Atlantico. Year 3. Number 11. July 2017. Pages 46-50. ISSN 2447-8016. Fortaleza, Brazil.

     

    Link para todas as revistas/Link to all magazines: https://ibraf.org/atlantico-magazine/

    Link para esta edição / Link to this edition: https://ibraf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/atlantico11.pdf

     

     

     

  • A formação do Papiamento, suas origens portuguesas, africano-ocidentais e brasileiras

    Picture

    Artigo publicado

    A formação do papeamento, suas origens portuguesas, africano-ocidentais e brasileiras
    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    (Syn)thesis,v. 7, n. 2 (2014), ISSN 1414-915X
    DOI  10.12957/synthesis.2014.19663
    UERJ, Rio de Janeiro

    Artigo em pdf

    Obs.: a publicação (Syn)thesis alterou o título original, revisou o texto e preferiu usar o termo “papeamento”, sem nova consulta após a submissão do artigo. Embora alguns dicionários aceitem o termo “papeamento” e ele também esteja correto, prefiro usar os termos mais correntes: “papiamento” na escrita de Aruba (assim também consta p.ex. no Dicionário Houaiss para o Português) ou “papiamentu” na escrita adotada em Curaçao e Bonaire. Artigo publicado em dezembro de 2015.

    Abstract
    O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as conexões históricas que contribuíram para a formação do Papiamentu, uma língua crioula falada nas ilhas caribenhas de Aruba, Bonaire e Curaçao (ABC). Através desta análise, pretende-se mostrar que as ligações históricas do Papiamentu indicam que sua origem não se deve ao Espanhol, como muitas vezes é erradamente propagado, mas sim ao Português e aos crioulos portugueses. Estas ligações foram estabelecidas através do tráfico de escravos, o qual usava variantes e crioulos do Português como língua franca de comércio, e através das conexões diretas e indiretas estabelecidas entre as ilhas ABC, a Europa, a África Ocidental e o Brasil.
    Palavras-chave: Papiamentu, História, Formação, Línguas Crioulas

    Abstract
    The objective of this article is to investigate the historic links that contributed to the formation of Papiamentu, a creole language spoken in the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (ABC). The intention is to show through this analysis that the historic links of Papiamentu do not point towards a Spanish origin, as many times erroneously disseminated, but to Portuguese and Portuguese creoles. These links were established through the slave trade, which used Portuguese varieties and creoles as their trade lingua franca, and through the direct and indirect connections established between the ABC Islands, Europe, West Africa and Brazil.
    Key words: Papiamentu, History, Formation, Creole Languages
    Title in English: Formation of Papiamentu, its Portuguese, West African and Brazilian Origins

    Source: Marco

  • Translating the Presence of Portuguese in a Caribbean Creole

    Translating the Presence of Portuguese in a Caribbean Creole. Why are there similarities between an Asian Portuguese Creole and Papiamentu?

    Marco APicture. Schaumloeffel

    Presentation at the Translating Creolization Symposium – May 27-29, 2015. The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados

    Website of the event: www.cavehill.uwi.edu/fhe/lll/tcs

     

    Abstract
    Papiamentu (PA) is a creole spoken as main language by the majority of the population in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, and is official language in the first and in the latter. The origin of PA is controversial; a group of scholars attributes it to Spanish, due to its current lexical and phonetic similarities with Spanish, whereas another group sees linguistic genetic ties with Portuguese.

    The aim of this presentation is to investigate the historical and linguistic links that might connect PA to Portuguese. Whereas historical links set the stage for eventual ties, possible grammatical commonalities in the very fabric that makes up the structure of PA may be strong indications of a genetic connection to its ancestor. Recent historical and linguistic evidence suggests that PA owes its origins to the West African Portuguese creoles. To further strengthen this evidence, this presentation will analyse key grammar elements such as function words, relators, verbal system and Time-Modality-Aspect markers, which are core elements and very strong indications of genetic ties, given their very low borrowability in contexts of relexification and formation of creoles. The analysis is done by means of comparing these PA core elements with those found in Papiá Kristang (PK), an Asian Portuguese Creole spoken mainly by only a few hundred persons in Malacca, Malaysia. It is consensus that PK is undoubtedly linguistically unrelated to Spanish. If there are similarities between PA and PK, then these can therefore not be attributed to Spanish. Although PK is used as tool of comparison, parallels with Spanish, Portuguese and other Spanish and Portuguese-based creoles will be made to establish a more comprehensive picture of possible linguistic ties between PA and Portuguese.

    The evidence suggests that PA cannot be comprehensively analysed and understood if vital historical and linguistic links of this Caribbean creole to the Portuguese language are ignored.

  • Afro-Brazilian Diaspora in West Africa: The Tabom in Ghana

    Chapter in Book

    Afro-Brazilian Diaspora in West Africa: The Tabom in Ghana
    Marco AureliPictureo Schaumloeffel

    Book – Another Black Like Me: The Construction of Identities and Solidarity in the African Diaspora. Edited by Elaine Pereira Rocha and Nielson Rosa Bezerra
    ISBN-13: 978-1-4438-7178-5
    01 Feb 2015
    Pages: 185-199

     

    Book Description
    This book brings together authors from different institutions and perspectives and from researchers specialising in different aspects of the experiences of the African Diaspora from Latin America. It creates an overview of the complexities of the lives of Black people over various periods of history, as they struggled to build lives away from Africa in societies that, in general, denied them the basic right of fully belonging, such as the right of fully belonging in the countries where, by choice or force of circumstance, they lived. Another Black Like Me thus presents a few notable scenes from the long history of Blacks in Latin America: as runaway slaves seen through the official documentation denouncing as illegal those who resisted captivity; through the memoirs of a slave who still dreamt of his homeland; reflections on the status of Black women; demands for citizenship and kinship by Black immigrants; the fantasies of Blacks in the United States about the lives of Blacks in Brazil; a case study of some of those who returned to Africa and had to build a new identity based on their experiences as slaves; and the abstract representations of race and color in the Caribbean. All of these provide the reader with a glimpse of complex phenomena that, though they cannot be generalized in a single definition of blackness in Latin America, share the common element of living in societies where the definition of blackness was flexible, there were no laws of racial segregation, and where the culture on one hand tolerates miscegenation, and on the other denies full recognition of rights to Blacks.

    – Sample and contents
    – Website: http://www.cambridgescholars.com/another-black-like-me

  • What do Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao have in common with Malacca? The historical and linguistic links between Papiamentu and Papiá Kristang.

    Picture

    What do Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao have in common with Malacca? Historical and linguistic links between Papiamentu and Papiá Kristang.
    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    Handout
    Handout SCL 2014 – Marco Schaumloeffel
    Prezi Presentation

    Abstract
    Abstracts SCL 2014 (p. 56)

    References
    References used to prepare presentation

    What do Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao have in common with Malacca? Historical and linguistic links between Papiamentu and Papiá Kristang.

    The discussion on the origin of Papiamentu (PA) still is controversial, since it is classified by some scholars as a Spanish Creole and by others as a Portuguese Creole. However, recent historical and linguistic evidence trace back its origins to West African Portuguese creoles (Jacobs 2012, among others). This leaves little space to speculate if PA owes its origins to a variety or varieties of Spanish, but there still are many scholars who claim that PA is supposedly of Spanish origin.
    The aim of this paper is to provide further evidence in favour of the Portuguese origin of PA by doing a unique investigation on the historical and linguistic links existing between PA and Papiá Kristang (PK). Historical links set the context, but linguistic data is naturally the most reliable evidence of possible genetic ties between creoles. At the first instance, it seems strange to compare a Portuguese creole  developed in Southeast Asia with another creole spoken in former Dutch colonies in the Caribbean, since they apparently are worlds apart.
    Nevertheless, PK can ideally be used in this context, since it is a well-known and studied Portuguese creole that has virtually no Spanish influence. And if there is virtually no Spanish influence in PK, then the comparison between PA and PK may be an ideal tool to establish if PA really carries Portuguese features. Only a careful analysis can reveal if grammatical similarities are present in the structural fabric of both creoles.
    The linguistic features that PA shares with PK will be analysed and compared in this paper through four relevant aspects of grammatical categories: Formation and use of TMA markers (Tense, Mood, Aspect), the multifunctionality of the lexical item ‘ku’, word reduplication and its grammatical functions, and analysis of two auxiliary verbs.
    The evidence indicates that the origins of PA cannot be comprehensively analysed and understood if vital historical and linguistic links to the Portuguese language are ignored. These ties were formed via West Africa and the Portuguese creoles spoken there, and possibly also influenced by the immigration of Sephardic Jews and their servants from Dutch Brazil to Curaçao. Despite not being genetically linked to West African Portuguese creoles, but because it is a Portuguese creole undoubtedly unrelated to Spanish, PK acts as an ideal tool of comparison in this case. As result, this paper definitively refutes any hypothesis that excludes the fundamental role of Portuguese and Portuguese creoles in the formation of PA.

  • Tabom. A Comunidade Afro-Brasileira do Gana

    Book

    Tabom. A Comunidade Afro-Brasileira do Gana
    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    Lançado em 2014 pela Geração Editorial – ISBN 9781847990136

    Saiba mais aqui: http://is.gd/Ip9dSQ
    Compre aqui: http://is.gd/UYw2h6 ou

    http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/7440685

    Impresso
    Tabom. A Comunidade Afro-Brasileira do Gana

    TabomO primeiro livro sobre a história dos tabons, a comunidade afro-brasileira do Gana. Eles voltaram à África Ocidental entre 1829 e 1836. “Este livro parece pequeno, mas possui muitas portas, como se fosse um casarão. Elas se abrem para várias e diferentes paisagens e nos deixam ver, primeiro, de fraque e cartola e, depois, envoltas em belo pano kente, as figuras humanas que as povoaram e cujas histórias os atuais tabons repetem de cor. Se, em suas páginas, aprendemos muito sobre o grupo tabom, graças ao cuidado e à inteligência com que Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel soube ouvir e ler, elas nos pedem que saibamos mais.” (Alberto da Costa e Silva).
    ISBN 1448645158 EAN 9781448645152

    O livro impresso pode ser encontrado aqui: Tabom. A Comunidade Afro-Brasileira do Gana