Marco Schaumloeffel

Category: Brazilian Culture

  • Presentation: Black History Month Special Edition Tertulia at the Vancouver Latin America Cultural Centre

    Black History Month Special Edition Tertulia with Marco Schaumloeffel “Tabom, the community of the Afro-Brazilian returnees in Ghana”.

    Website: https://vlacc.ca/events/black-history-month-special-edition-tertulia-with-marco-schaumloeffel-tabom-the-community-of-the-afro-brazilian-returnees-in-ghana/

    Join us to this special edition Tertulia celebrating the Black History Month with UBC’s professor Marco Schaumloeffel on the Tabom people’s return to Ghana on Thursday, February 29, at 6:30 pm at the Britannia Community Centre Services (Conference Room). 

    Discover the rich history of this unique community on a exploration of their ties to Brazil and integration into Ghana today.

    The Tabom returned to Ghana from Bahia between 1829 – 1836 and are a culturally fascinating case of reverse diaspora. This presentation and conversation will be about their history, their links to Brazil and how these Brazilians, as they call themselves, are organised and live today integrated into the Ga people in Ghana.

    Date: Thursday, February 29
    Time: 6:30 – 8:00 pm
    Location: Conference Room (Britannia Community Services Centre) 1661 Napier St, Vancouver, BC V5L 4X4

    This is a FREE event, but registrations are required. Register

    https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/tertulia-tabom-the-community-of-the-afro-brazilian-returnees-in-ghana-tickets-811739393377?aff=oddtdtcreator

    The well-known and recently deceased Africanist, diplomat and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters Alberto Costa e Silva referred the following way to one of the presenter’s publications related to the Tabom: “This book seems to be small, but has many doors, as if it were a mansion. They lead to several and different sceneries and let us see, first, in tailcoat and top-hat, and later wrapped in a beautiful kenté cloth, the human beings who filled them and whose stories the Tabom of today repeat by heart. If in its pages we learnt a lot about the Tabom People, thanks to the accuracy and the intelligence with which Marco A. Schaumloeffel listened and read, they demand from us, that we learn more.”

    Short bio

    Marco A. Schaumloeffel holds a Master;s degree in Linguistics from the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, and a PhD in Lingustics from the University of the West Indies, where he studied the creole languages of the Caribbean. He is an Associate Lecturer at the University of British Columbia. Previously, he was lecturer for Portuguese and German at the Barbados Community, Lecturer of Brazilian Studies at the University of the West Indies in Barbados, and he worked at the University of Ghana, teaching Portuguese and Brazilian Culture.

    He is the author of the book Tabom – The Afro-Brazilian Community of Ghana about the history of the Afro-Brazilians who returned to Africa after abolition. In addition, he published several articles and chapters of books dealing with Linguistics, Creole languages, especially about Papiamentu and Papiá Kristang, German dialectology in Brazil, Hunsrückisch, teaching foreign languages and Afro-Brazilians returnees to West Africa.

  • Historical Aspects of Forced and Free Black Migrations in the ABC Islands

    Chapter in Book

    Title of chapter: Historical Aspects of Forced and Free Black Migrations in the ABC Islands.


    Book: Many Rivers to Cross: Black Migrations in Brazil and the Caribbean. Elaine P. Rocha (Ed.). Vernon Press, 2024.

    Link: https://vernonpress.com/book/1847

    In the chapter Historical Aspects of Forced and Free Black Migrations in the ABC Islands, Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel examines the ABC islands – Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao – located in the southern region of the Caribbean archipelago. These islands, although they “functioned as an entrepôt for enslaved Africans, and the slave traders operated there as “middlemen” in the lucrative business of human trafficking”, were not drawn into the plantation economy. Schaumloeffel starts with a discussion about the importation of African people from various regions during the period in which the Dutch were heavily involved in slave trading, moving onto the arrival of Portuguese-Brazilian Sephardic Jews and their enslaved workers, which had a great impact in the islands. After the abolition of slavery, black people started to move from the islands to the continent, but the migrations increased during the twentieth century when workers moved from the ABC islands to parts of the British and Spanish Caribbean. He shows that movement in the region did not take place in only one direction, as people from other islands moved to Curaçao and Aruba, attracted by economic opportunities after oil was found in the region. This intra-Caribbean migration had a huge impact on the cultural identity of the region.

  • Os Tabons do Gana, a diáspora afro-brasileira na África Ocidental ainda pouco conhecida

    Capítulo em livro

    Os Tabons do Gana, a diáspora afro-brasileira na África Ocidental ainda pouco conhecida

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    Livro: Mosaico: A construção de identidades na diáspora africana. Elaine Pereira Rocha; Nielson Rosa Bezerra (orgs.). Jundiaí (SP): Paco Editorial, 2021. ISBN: 9786558401117.

    Páginas 43-65

     

    Acesso: https://www.pacolivros.com.br/mosaico-diaspora

    Sinopse

    Baseada em estudos profundos da Diáspora Africana, esta obra é resultado da parceria de autores de diversas nacionalidades, áreas de conhecimento e pontos de vista distintos, em relação a esse momento histórico do continente, considerando também a América Latina. A obra Mosaico: a construção de identidades na Diáspora Africana apresenta ao longo de seus nove capítulos relatos importantes sobre “história dos negros na América Latina e na África”, destacando a resistência e a luta dos negros no diz respeito a escravidão no continente. Além disso, a obra apresenta importante discussão sobre “as migrações negras” e a identidade na Diáspora”, além de reconhecer a importância das mulheres negras e cubanas no período.

    Sumário

    Apresentação

    1. Anglo-caribenhos transplantados: os povos esquecidos nas margens ocidentais do mar do Caribe

    2. Os Tabons no Gana, a diáspora afro-brasileira na África Ocidental ainda pouco conhecida

    3. Marinheiros caribenhos: identidade e organização na diáspora negra (1918-1945)

    4. Gestando Cuba: a poética das mulheres afro-cubanas

    5. A trajetória de M. G. Baquaqua no Brasil: escravidão, liberdade e emancipação no Mundo Atlântico

    6. “Shades of Spade” – classificações de cor para afrodescendentes e taxonomia racial em Porto Rico e no Caribe Anglófono

    7. Resistência escrava, fronteiras e espacialidades afro-amazônicas (1850-1880)

    8. Construção e afirmação de identidades afro-latinas

    9. Testemunha da história negra: Baobás no Brasil e no Caribe

    Sobre os autores

  • Papiamento y la conexión brasileña establecida mediante los judíos sefardíes

    Papiamentu and the Brazilian Connection Established through the Sephardic Jews (Papiamento y la conexión brasileña establecida mediante los judíos sefardíes)

    Marco A. Schaumloeffel

    Article published in English in Revista Letras, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica

    Schaumloeffel, M. (2020). Papiamento y la conexión brasileña establecida mediante los judíos sefardíes. LETRAS, 1(67), 75-89. https://doi.org/10.15359/rl.1-67.4

    Links: Schaumloeffel – Papiamentu and the Brazilian Connection Established through the Sephardic Jews – Letras Feb2020

    Abstract

    This study examines the linguistic contact between Papiamentu and Brazilian Portuguese established when the Sephardic Jews were expelled from Dutch Brazil and some of them relocated in Curaçao. Three lexical items of PA (yaya, ‘nanny, nursemaid’; bacoba, ‘banana’; and fulabola ‘forefinger, index finger’) are analysed and put into their historical context to show that their presence in Papiamentu can be attributed to the contact between Brazil and Curaçao due to the forced migration of the Sephardic Jews and their servants.

    Resumen

    El estudio examina el contacto lingüístico entre el papiamento y el portugués brasileño, establecido cuando los judíos sefardíes fueron expulsados del Brasil Holandés y algunos se trasladaron a la isla Curazao. Tres unidades lexicales del papiamento (yaya, ‘niñera, niñera’; bacoba, ‘banana’; y fulabola, ‘dedo índice) se analizan y ponen en su contexto histórico para mostrar que su presencia en papiamento es atribuible al contacto entre Brasil y Curazao, con la forzada migración de los judíos sefardíes y sus criados.

    Keywords: Papiamentu, Brazilian Portuguese, origins of Papiamentu, Sephardic Jew

    Palabras clave: papiamento, portugués brasileño, orígenes del papiamento, judíos sefardíes

    Citas

    Buarque de Holanda Ferreira, Aurélio. Novo dicionário eletrônico da língua portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 2009.

    Câmara Cascudo, Luís da. Dicionário do folclore brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Ediouro, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/335622.

    Duarte, Rojane. “A origem e o significado de iaiá.” Ciberdúvidas da língua portuguesa, 2007, 30 Nov 2017, <https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/a-origem-e-o-significado-de-iaia/20689>.

    Goodman, Morris. The Portuguese Element in the American Creoles. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

    Holm, John. An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164153.

    Houaiss, Antônio. Dicionário eletrônico Houaiss da língua portuguesa. 3.0. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/d.8.2009.tde-30112009-151358

    Jacobs, Bart. “The Upper Guinea Origins of Papiamentu Linguistic and Historical Evidence.” Diachronica 26, 3 (2009). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.26.3.02jac.

    Jacobs, Bart. Origins of a Creole: The History of Papiamentu and its African Ties. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614511076.

    Johnen, Thomas. “Frederiks, Bernardus Th. J. (2009 [1859]): Woordenlijst der in der landstaal van Curaçao meest gebruikelijke woorden; alphabetisch neu geordnet mit dem heutigen Sprachstand verglichen und etymologisiert von Johannes Kramer, Hamburg: Buske (Kreolische Bibliothek; 22),” Lusorama 97-98 (2014): 254-265.

    Johnen, Thomas. Bakoba pa makaku: Sobre a problemática dos africanismos na lexicografia do Papiamentu (2014), manuscript.

    Karner, Frances P. The Sephardics of Curacao: A Study of Socio-Cultural Patterns in Flux. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1969.

    Kouwenberg, Silvia. “Papiamentu Structure Dataset,” Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 29 Jan 2017, <http://apics-online.info/contributions/47>.

    Kramer, Johannes. Kleines etymologisches Wörterbuch Papiamento-Deutsch Deutsch-Papiamento. Hamburg: Buske, 2013.

    Martinus, Frank. The Kiss of a Slave: Papiamentu’s West-African Connections. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2004.

    Pessoa de Castro, Yeda. Falares africanos na Bahia: Um vocabulário afro-brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks, 2001.

    Ratzlaff, Betty. Papiamentu/Ingles dikshonario, English/Papiamentu Dictionary. Kralendijk: TWR Dictionary Foundation/Science Press, 1995.

    Rossel, Gerda. Taxonomic-Linguistic Study of Plantain in Africa. Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1998.

    Rupert, Linda M. Creolization and Contraband: Curaçao in the Early Modern Atlantic World. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ tla.12005_4.

    Salles, Vicente. Vocabulário crioulo: contribuição do negro ao falar regional amazônico. Belém: Instituto de Artes do Pará, 2003.

    Van Putte, Florimon. “Dede Pikina, de Braziliaanse Connectie En de Yaya,” Kristòf XII, 4 (2003).

  • Mea deefe unsere Kultur net sterwe losse

    Brasilianisches Hunsrückisch

    Mea deefe unsere Kultur net sterwe losse

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    Texto selecionado no I Concurso Literário de Poemas e Contos em Hunsrückisch e publicado no livro “Hunsrückisch em Prosa e Verso”, páginas 93-96.

    Hunsrückisch em prosa & verso: textos do Concurso Literário de Poemas e Contos em Hunsrückisch 2017 . Organizadores, Cleo V. Altenhofen … [et al.]. Porto Alegre: Instituto de Letras – UFRGS, 2018.

    ISBN on-line: 978-85-64522-38-1

     

    Hier lese ich meinen Text in meiner Muttersprache brasilianisches Hunsrückisch vor (ohne mir großen Sorgen über die Audioqualität zu machen, nur um die Aussprache des Hunsrückischen vom Speckhof/Boa Vista do Herval, Landkreis Santa Maria do Herval, im Bundesland Rio Grande do Sul, Südbrasilien, zu registrieren). Eine dreisprachige Version des Textes finden Sie weiter unten.

    Aqui o vídeo-áudio do meu texto (sem grande preocupação com qualidade de áudio profissional, apenas para registrar a pronúncia do Hunsrückisch da comunidade de Speckhof/Boa Vista do Herval, município de Santa Maria do Herval – RS).

    Aqui está o texto trilíngue /  Der Dreisprachiger Text ist hier:

    Mea deefe unsere Kultur net sterwe losse – Hunsrückisch, Hochdeutsch,  Português

     

  • O contato linguístico no Sul do Brasil – o caso do Hunsrückisch

    O contato linguístico no Sul do Brasil – o caso do Hunsrückisch

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    1) Palestra de encerramento “O contato linguístico no Sul do Brasil – o caso do Hunsrückisch” do VIII Encontro Internacional do Grupo de Estudos de Línguas em Contato – GELIC, realizado em Belém/PA, de 20 a 22 de novembro de 2019, na Universidade do Estado do Pará – UEPA.

    Apresentação PowerPoint: solicite por e-mail.

    2) Participação em mesa redonda: Constituição de corpora e a pesquisa sobre o contato linguístico em variedades de fala: questões teóricas e metodológicas, com Bruno Rocha (UFMG), Edenize Ponzo Peres (UFES), Marco Aurélio Schaumloeffel (UWI)

    Website do evento: https://www.even3.com.br/viiigelic/ 

  • Syntactic Interferences of Portuguese in Brazilian Hunsrückisch

    Syntactic Interferences of Portuguese in Brazilian Hunsrückisch

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

    Presentation at the 19th Annual Conference of the Association of Portuguese and Spanish-Lexified Creoles & the Summer Conference of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics
     
    17-19 June 2019
     
    Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

    ACBLPE_SPCL2019-Booklet    Download
    Programme of the eventDownload

    Website of the event

    PowerPoint of presentation: request by e-mail

     

    Abstract

    Syntactic Interferences of Portuguese in Brazilian Hunsrückisch

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel
    Brazilian Studies, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados

    Brazilian Hunsrückisch (HR) is the most widely spoken variety of German in Brazil. German immigration to Brazil started in 1824 and lasted for over a century. Today, it is estimated that there are between 1.2 million Altenhofen 2017) and 3 million (Ethnologue 2018) native speakers of the Brazilian variety of Hunsrückisch. The almost 200-year-old contact situation
    with Brazilian Portuguese (PT) created a favourable environment for linguistic interferences (cf. Weinreich 1953; Juhász 1980) in both languages. As result, it is common to find grammatical, lexical and semantic interferences of PT in the varieties of HR (cf. Sambaquy-
    Wallner 1998; Altenhofen 1996; Damke 1997, among others). The focus of this paper is to verify the existence of syntactic interferences of PT in HR and to do an unprecedented analysis of these interferences in the HR variety spoken in the community of Boa Vista do Herval, also known as Speckhof in HR, located in the mountainous region of the Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Data collected from 36 speakers selected according to sociolinguistic criteria based on age, gender, level of schooling, religion and income were transcribed and analysed. The main syntactic interference found in the data examined in this paper is the calquing of the verb position from the PT syntactic structure, i.e., the change for some speakers in the position of the verb in HR from a typical HR behaviour, also in line with standard German, to a verb position typical for PT. Sentences presenting this change will be analysed, showing that there effectively are syntactic interferences of PT in the HR variety spoken in Speckhof.

     

  • Papiamentu and the Brazilian connection established through the Sephardic Jews

    Papiamentu and the Brazilian connection established through the Sephardic Jews

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel
    Presentation at the 22nd Biennial Conference of the The Society for Caribbean Linguistics (SCL)
    Heredia/Limón, Costa Rica 5th-12th August 2018
    Conference Programme
    Conference website

    Abstract

    Papiamentu and the Brazilian connection established through the Sephardic Jews

    A direct historical connection between Curaçao and Brazil was established due to the resettlement of Sephardic Jews, their assistants, and their free and enslaved African servants from Dutch Brazil to the Caribbean after the Dutch were expelled by the Portuguese from the Northeast of Brazil. Portuguese-speaking Jews from Brazil began to arrive in Curaçao in 1659. This period coincides with the period between 1634 and 1677, considered crucial for the formation of Papiamentu (Jacobs, The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu Linguistic and historical evidence 353). Portuguese was one of the languages spoken by the Sephardi in Curaçao. From the beginning, the Jewish congregation in Curaçao even used Portuguese for their religious services; they only changed to Spanish in the nineteenth century (Holm, An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles 78). The historical facts involving the dislocation of people from Pernambuco, Brazil to Curaçao naturally lead to the assumption of a possible influence of these Portuguese-speaking Sephardic Jews and their Afro-Brazilian servants in the formation of Papiamentu (PA). Although the current body of research in PA completely discards the hypothesis of a Brazilian origin of Papiamentu, as postulated in 1987 by Goodman (The Portuguese element in the American Creoles), the intention of this presentation is to show that there are effective links between these two areas and that there probably was some secondary degree of influence from Brazilian Portuguese during the formation process of PA. Even if they existed, it certainly would be difficult to prove that some of the PA features present in the deeper layers of the language could be specifically attributed to an influence from Brazilian Portuguese or the Portuguese spoken by the Sephardi, as it probably would be difficult to clearly set them apart from the features incorporated into PA that are also present in other Portuguese variants and in West African Portuguese-based creoles. However, specific lexical items that will be discussed in this presentation show that their transfer to PA may have happened because of the dislocation of Sephardic Jews and their servants from Brazil to Curaçao. Traces of at least one of those lexical items can also be found in French Guiana and in Suriname, the final destination for some of those expelled from Brazil or the temporary destination as place of passage for others that later headed to Curaçao. Some lexical items, including PA yaya ‘nanny, nursemaid’, bacoba ‘banana’ and fulabola ‘forefinger, index finger’, will be analysed to show that their presence in PA can probably be specifically attributed to the historical connection created between Brazil and Curaçao due to the forced migration of the Sephardic Jews and their servants.

  • Questionamentos e Discussões Essenciais Acerca de um Possível Sistema de Escrita para o Hunsrückisch Brasileiro

    Questionamentos e Discussões Essenciais Acerca de um Possível Sistema de Escrita para o Hunsrückisch Brasileiro

    Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel

     

    Artigo publicado na revista Trama, v. 14, n. 31 (2018), p. 109-121, e-ISSN 1981-4674

     

    Link para a publicação:

    http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/trama/article/view/17600/12408

    Artigo em arquivo PDF para download

    Errata:  a formatação do artigo provavelmente causou uma mistura/um corte nas palavras na seguinte passagem:

    “Assim, há duas formas de escrita e algumas diferenças no Papiamentu, conforme o ilustrado através dos exemplos de palavras apresentadas abaixo:
    Curaçao e Bonaire: étiko, kas, piská, Papiamentu, kombinashon, lèternan, ferfdó
    Aruba: etico, cas, pisca, Papiamento, combinacion, letranan, pintor
    Português: ético, casa, peixe, Papiamentu(o), combinação, cartas, pintor”

    Original do artigo submetido pode ser lido aqui.

    RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir basilarmente por que e se o Hunsrückisch brasileiro, a língua falada por grande parte dos descendentes de alemães no Brasil, deve ter um sistema de escrita estabelecido. Com base nestas questões, as vantagens e desvantagens de um eventual estabelecimento de um sistema de escrita serão analisados e ponderações feitas sobre o que este sistema, no contexto da complexidade e da presença de muitas variedades, imprescindivelmente deve conter e levar em conta. Serão trazidos exemplos de dois contextos completamente diferentes, nomeadamente da Suíça e das Ilhas ABC (Aruba, Bonaire e Curaçao, no Caribe), onde são falados, respectivamente, o Alemão suíço e o Papiamentu, com o propósito de verificar como estes casos podem apontar para possíveis caminhos e soluções para estas questões. Além disso, duas propostas já existentes de sistemas de escrita para o Hunsrückisch brasileiro serão analisadas e testadas quanto a sua funcionalidade e aplicabilidade.

     PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hunsrückisch brasileiro, Alemão no Brasil, sistema de escrita, ortografia, variedades linguísticas

     

    ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to fundamentally discuss why and if Brazilian Hunsrückisch, the language spoken by the majority of the German descendants in Brazil, should have an established writing system. Based on these questions, the advantages and disadvantages of a prospective establishment of a writing system will be analysed and considerations will be made about what this system should necessarily contain and regard. Examples from two completely different contexts will be presented, namely from Switzerland and the ABC Islands (Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Caribbean) where Swiss German and Papiamentu are respectively spoken, in order to verify how those cases can point to possible ways and solutions to these questions. Apart from that, two already existing proposals of writing systems for Brazilian Hunsrückisch will be analysed and tested for their functionality and applicability.  

     KEYWORDS: Brazilian Hunsrückisch, German in Brazil, writing system, orthography, linguistic varieties

  • Tabom: O Brasil longe do Brasil – Tabom: Brazil away from Brazil

    Entrevista concedida à revista Atlântico / Interview for Atlantico Magazine

    Instituto Brasil África / Brazil Africa Institute

    Tabom: O Brasil longe do Brasil – Tabom: Brazil away from Brazil. Atlantico. Year 3. Number 11. July 2017. Pages 46-50. ISSN 2447-8016. Fortaleza, Brazil.

     

    Link para todas as revistas/Link to all magazines: https://ibraf.org/atlantico-magazine/

    Link para esta edição / Link to this edition: https://ibraf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/atlantico11.pdf